![]() ![]() (a) Compute the transfer function T ( s ) = Y ( s ) / R ( s ) T(s)=Y(s) / R(s) T ( s ) = Y ( s ) / R ( s ) and determine the steady-state tracking error due to a unit step response, that is, let R ( s ) = 1 / s R(s)=1 / s R ( s ) = 1/ s and assume that N ( s ) = 0 N(s)=0 N ( s ) = 0. In the following analysis, the tracking error is defined to be E ( s ) = R ( s ) − Y ( s ) E(s)=R(s)-Y(s) E ( s ) = R ( s ) − Y ( s ) : In Figure, consider the closed-loop system with measurement noise N ( s ) N(s) N ( s ), where c) a normally developing embryo MicroRNAs block the expression of a specific gene product by binding to the _ and inhibiting _.ĭ) ribosome translation a) mRNA translation a) protein scaffold Which of the following is the main point of control for regulating gene expression levels?ĭ) mRNA degradation b) transcription Mutations in which of the following elements would abrogate RNA polymerase's ability to activate gene expression?ĭ) major groove b) promoter If lactose and glucose are both available to a bacterial cell, which carbon source(s) will be used?ĭ) cyclic AMP a) glucose The figure below depicts which of the following mechanisms that cells use to maintain their identity through cell divisions?ĭ) differentiation a) positive feedback Which of the following mechanisms describes how eukaryotic activator proteins can regulate chromatin packaging to enhance transcription?Ī) binding to enhancer regions to promote formation of the transcription initiation complexī) activating polymerase binding through contacts made in the activation regionĬ) recruiting histone deacetylase complexes to remove acetyl groups from histonesĭ) recruiting chromatin-remodeling complexes to eject or slide nearby nucleosomes d) recruiting chromatin-remodeling complexes to eject or slide nearby nucleosomes Transplanting the nucleus of an epithelial cell into an egg cell lacking genetic information leads to the formation ofĭ) a hybrid cell that has characteristics of both embryonic cells and epithelial cells. ![]() a) post-transcriptional control Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) can function as a(n)ĭ) telomerase. weakly strongly The control of a gene product's levels or activity after transcription has taken place is calledĭ) epigenetic inheritance. Generally, bacterial promoters that are regulated by transcriptional activators bind _ to RNA polymerase on their own, but promoters that are regulated with transcriptional repressors bind _ to RNA polymerase.
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